Yaðýþ deðiþkenliði, tatlý su yenilenebilirliði ve hidrometeorolojik kökenli afetler açýsýndan önemli bir indikatördür. Yaðýþ deðiþkenliði kapsamýnda ele alýnan parametrelerden biri olan yaðýþlý gün sayýlarý, yaðýþýn mevsimselliði ve þiddetini belirlemede deðerlendirilir. Türkiye akarsu havzalarýnda yaðýþlý günlerde 1960’lardan bu yana gözlenen eðilimlerin analiz edilmesini amaçlayan bu çalýþmada, Mann-Kendall korelasyon testi ile 100 farklý istasyonun yýllýk ve mevsimlik yaðýþlý gün sayýsý serileri analiz edildi. Yýllýk, kýþ ve ilkbahar yaðýþlý gün sayýlarýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý azalma eðilimleri belirlendi. Bu eðilimler aðýrlýklý olarak ülkenin kuzeybatý ve güney kesimlerinde bulunan havzalarda öne çýkar. Ayný zamanda kapalý havzalarda ve Türkiye’nin en büyük havzasý olan Fýrat Havzasý’nda da azalma eðilimleri dikkate deðerdir. Yaðýþlý gün sayýlarýndaki azalma; yaðýþlý dönemin daralmasý ve/veya kurak dönemin geniþlemesi, toplam yaðýþýn azalmasý ya da yaðýþ þiddetinin dolayýsýyla saðanaklarýn frekansýnýn artmasý gibi hidroklimatolojik sonuçlar ortaya çýkarabilir. Tüm bu süreçler, Türkiye akarsu havzalarýnda su ve suyla iliþkili doðal afet yönetiminin önemini vurgulamaktadýr.

According to United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), tourism offers all over the world cultural, environmental and social (peace and security) benefits, as well as provides employment (creating jobs), economic growth and development. Tourism accounted for 1/10 of jobs created in the world, 10% of the World’s GDP (1.6 trillion by 2030 1.8 US Dollars), 7% of all exports, and 30% of all service exports in the world in 2017. Tourism grows the fastest with oil, food and automotive industries all over the world by increasing the number of destinations and income sources of most developing countries and supporting several sectors from construction to agriculture or telecommunications. In such a vitally important sector, competition among destinations is inevitable and its economic contribution is related to the service quality and the high revenues. In such a high competition, every type of potential or resource is given to the benefit of the tourism sector and used in promotional materials even, marketing and branding efforts e.g. quality of the snow cover or sun and beaches. Climate characteristics are vitally important for tourism to ensure both loyalty and branding and incomes. For nearly 50 years several climate indices on tourism have been developed to show the advantages of climatic characteristics at a given tourist destination. This study aims to analyse the climate of Erzurum city, a winter destination, through Climate and Tourism Information Schemes (CTIS) based mainly on bioclimatic comfort conditions as well as effective climatic parameters on tourism differently from other indices. Results show that even though bioclimatic comfort values address extreme cold stress in the winter tourism season, the area is suitable for winter tourism when considering other climatic parameters. It can be stated as a conclusion that a unique tourism climate index to Turkey should be developed by taking into account the prevalent tourism types mainly winter and 3 – S tourism.

Çayönü Tepesi, one of the outstanding Neolithic settlements of Anatolia, and Hilar Rocks with their well-preserved karst shapes are located approximately 6 km southwest of Ergani district in Diyarbakýr province. Çayönü Tepesi is one of the rare settlements identified in Anatolia, Levant, Mesopotamia and Zagros regions with an uninterrupted stratigraphy from the beginning of the Pottery Neolithic Period to the first half of the Pottery Neolithic Period. Çayönü Tepesi and the rock tombs on the Hilar Rocks next to it are substantial tourism destinations with a cultural heritage identity. However, the Hilar rocks are also important in terms of their geological heritage value, both with their natural site identity and their karst¬ic shapes. This study evaluates the karstic shapes of the Hilar Rocks in terms of geo-tourism and offers suggestions to improve the tourism potential. It also aims to evaluate and present the archaeo-tourism and geo-tourism potential in the context of the natural relationship between the Çayönü Tepesi Neolithic settlement and the Hilar Rocks, thus emphasizing the importance of the cultural and geological heritage of the region.